Majestic 12 (also known as Majic 12, Majestic Trust, M12, MJ 12, MJ XII
or Majority 12) is the purported code name of a secret committee of
scientists, military leaders, and government officials, supposedly
formed in 1947 by an executive order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman.
The purpose of the committee was to investigate UFO activity in the
aftermath of the Roswell incident - the purported crash of an alien
spaceship near Roswell, New Mexico, in July 1947. This alleged committee
is an important part of the UFO conspiracy theory of an ongoing
government cover up of UFO information.
The primary evidence for the existence of a group named Majestic twelve
is a collection of documents that first emerged in 1984 and which have
been the subject of much debate. The original MJ-12 documents state
that:
The Majestic 12 group... was established by secret executive order of
President Truman on 24 September, 1947, upon recommendation by Dr.
Vannevar Bush and Secretary of Defense James Forrestal.
The existence of MJ-12 has sometimes been denied by some agencies of the
United States government, which insist that documents suggesting its
existence are hoaxes. The FBI investigated the documents, and concluded
they were forgeries, based primarily on an opinion rendered by AFOSI,
the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations. Opinions among UFO
researchers are divided: Some argue the documents may be genuine while
others contend they are phony, primarily due to errors in formatting and
chronology.
In 1985, another document mentioning MJ-12 and dating to 1954 was found
in a search at the National Archives.Its authenticity is also highly
controversial. The documents in question are rather widely available on
the Internet, for example on the FBI website, where they are dismissed
as bogus.
Since the first MJ-12 documents, thousands of pages of other supposed
leaked government documents mentioning MJ-12 and a government coverup of
UFO reality have also appeared, sometimes collectively referred to as
the "Majestic Documents." All of them are controversial, with many
disputing their authenticity. A few have been proven to be
unquestionably fraudulent, usually retyped rewrites of unrelated
government documents. The primary new MJ-12 document is a lengthy,
linotype-set manual allegedly dating from 1954, called the MJ-12
"Special Operations Manual (SOM)". It deals primarily with the handling
of crash debris and alien bodies. Objections to its authenticity usually
center on questions of style and some historical anachronisms.
The MJ-12 documents are alleged to date from 1942 to 1997 and have been
hotly debated in the UFO community. The documents include such matters
as the conduct to be used when meeting an alien, diagrams and records of
tests on UFOs, memos on assorted coverups, and descriptions of the
President's statements about UFO-related issues. The documents contain
supposed signatures of important people such as Albert Einstein and
Ronald Reagan, creating a major debate in the conspiracy and UFO
communities. No more documents have been leaked or released since 1997.
Their authenticity remains uncertain, and some claim them to be entirely
fake.
However, before the appearance of the various dubious MJ-12 documents,
Canadian documents dating from 1950 and 1951 were uncovered in 1978.
These documents mention the existence of a similar, highly classified
UFO study group operating within the Pentagon's Research &
Development Board (RDB) and headed by Dr. Vannevar Bush. Although the
name of the group is not given, proponents argue that these documents
remain the most compelling evidence that such a group did exist. There
is also some testimony (see Arguments for below) from a few government
scientists involved with this project confirming its existence.
Other theories of the MJ-12 group
MJ-12 is sometimes associated in recent UFO conspiracy literature with
the more historically verifiable but also deeply secretive NSC 5412/2
Special Group, created by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1954.
Although the Special Group was not specifically concerned with UFOs, and
post-dates the alleged creation of MJ-12 in 1947, the commonality of
the number '12' in the names of the two groups is cited as intriguing,
as is the first chairman, Gordon Gray, being one of the alleged MJ-12
members. As the highest body of central intelligence experts in the
early Cold War era (the Group was alleged to include the President but
exclude the Vice President), the Special Group certainly would have had
both clearance and interest in all matters of national security,
including UFO sightings if they were considered a real threat.
Others have speculated that MJ-12 may have been another name for the
Interplanetary Phenomenon Unit, an officially recognized UFO-related
military group active from the 1940s through the late 1950s.
Another government group recently associated with MJ-12 was the CIA's
Office of National Estimates or ONE, a forerunner of the current
National Intelligence Council (NIC). ONE was created in 1950 by CIA
Director Gen. Walter Bedell Smith, alleged to have replaced Secretary of
Defense James Forrestal on MJ-12 after his death.
A history of the NIC states that ONE was a type of super branch of the
CIA "whose sole task was to produce coordinated 'National Intelligence
Estimates.'" Besides Smith, it apparently consisted of 11 other
members. A recent article on the history of the CIA's involvement in UFO
investigations states that ONE received a UFO intelligence briefing on
January 30, 1953, immediately after the end of the CIA's UFO debunking
study known as the Robertson Panel.
Members of ONE at that time included FBI director J. Edgar Hoover,
William Bundy, President Eisenhower's chief of staff Admiral B. Bieri,
and William Langer, a Harvard historian, who was chairman. Referring to
ONE as "super think tank" within the CIA, the article states, "ONE is as
close as we get to a documented version of the rumoured Majestic-12
group."
Connection to the secret Pratt Documents
At the Mutual UFO Network or MUFON 2007 Symposium in Denver Colorado,
UFO researcher Brad Sparks presented a paper that describes the MJ12
documents as an elaborate disinformation campaign pepetrated by William
Moore, Richard Doty, and other Air Force Office of Special
Investigations (AFOSI) personnel. The sources for this information are
files dating from 1981 (3 years before the first alleged MJ12 documents
surfaced) that UFO researcher Bob Pratt gave MUFON before his death in
2005. The information lay hidden in MUFON's archives until they were
digitized as part of MUFON's Pandora Project and made available to UFO
researchers. The paper can be downloaded from the following reference.
MUFON has made the Pratt documents available online at [1]. Of interest
will be the paragraph that has a handwritten date of 1/02/82 and states:
"3. UFO project is Aquarius, classified Top Secret with access
restricted to MJ 12. (MJ may be "magic"). This project begun about 1966,
but apparently inherited files of earlier project."
The significance of this paragraph is that it ties MJ12 to the Aquarius
document, a known fabricated document, that alleges that Jesus Christ
was an alien.
On the other hand, as a personal note from this contributor, the
Aquarius Era (12 being the twelve months of the year, for instance)
began more or less at the same time the same documents were digitized,
de-classified : maybe the reference to Aquarius is solely a temporal
reference to the moment in which the material was supposed to lose it's
status otherwise known as 'Classified Top Secret with restricted to MJ
12'.
This could be the "magic" refered in the comment, necessary for correct
interpretation - the coeherence of this interpretation might come from
the fact that Project Aquarius previous name was Project SIGN.
The Pratt documents also contain the 1982 conversation between Bill
Moore and Bob Pratt discussing the characters and plotline of a
fictional book that Moore wanted Pratt to write. Moore is fixated on the
Truman-Eisenhower transition period in UFO history and two crashed
saucers, both of which figure prominently in the Eisenhower Briefing
Document allegedly leaked to Moore's friend Jaime Shandera in 1984 and
which Moore claims to have no prior knowledge of.
Membership
All the alleged original members of MJ-12 were notable for their
military, government, and/or scientific achievements, and all were
deceased when the documents first surfaced (the last to die was Jerome
Hunsaker, only a few months before the MJ-12 papers first appeared).
The original composition was six civilians (mostly scientists), and six
high-ranking military officers, two from each major military service.
Three (Souers, Vandenberg, and Hillenkoetter) had been the first three
heads of central intelligence. The Moore/Shandera documents did not make
clear who was the director of MJ-12, or if there was any organizational
hierarchy.
The named members of MJ-12 were:
- Rear Adm. Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter: first CIA director
- Dr. Vannevar Bush: chaired wartime Office of Scientific
Research and Development and predecessor National Defense Research
Committee; set up and chaired postwar Joint Research and Development
Board (JRDB) and then the Research and Development Board (RDB); chaired
NACA; President of Carnegie Institute, Washington D.C.
- James Forrestal: Secretary of the Navy; first Secretary of
Defense (replaced after his death on MJ-12 by Gen. Walter Bedell Smith,
2nd CIA director)
- Gen. Nathan Twining: headed Air Materiel Command at
Wright-Patterson AFB; Air Force Chief of Staff (1953-1957); Chairman of
Joint Chiefs of Staff (1957-1961)
- Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg: Directed Central Intelligence Group (1946-1947); Air Force Chief of Staff (1948-1953)
- Gen. Robert M. Montague: Guided missile expert; 1947 commander
of Fort Bliss; headed nuclear Armed Forces Special Weapons Center,
Sandia Base
- Dr. Jerome Hunsaker: Aeronautical engineer, MIT; chaired NACA
after Bush
Rear Adm. Sidney Souers: first director of Central Intelligence Group,
first executive secretary of National Security Council (NSC)
- Gordon Gray: Secretary of the Army; intelligence and national
security expert; CIA psychological strategy board (1951-1953); Chairman
of NSC 5412 committee (1954-1958); National Security Advisor (1958-1961)
- Dr. Donald Menzel: Astronomer, Harvard; cryptologist during war; security consultant to CIA and NSA
- Dr. Detlev Bronk: Medical physicist; aviation physiologist;
chair, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council;
president Johns Hopkins & Rockefeller University
- Dr. Lloyd Berkner: Physicist; radio expert; executive secretary of Bush's JRDB
According to other sources and MJ-12 papers to emerge later, famous
scientists like Robert Oppenheimer, Albert Einstein, Karl Compton,
Edward Teller, John von Neumann, and Wernher von Braun were also
involved with MJ-12.
Reliably-documented UFO activities by purported MJ-12 members
Many of these men had reliably documented activities related to UFOs:
- Vandenberg, as Director of Central Intelligence in 1946, had
overseen investigations into the so-called Ghost rockets in Europe and
wrote intelligence memos about the phenomena. Later as Air Force Chief
of Staff, both Vandenberg and Twining oversaw early U.S. Air Force UFO
investigations, like Project Sign and Project Blue Book and made some
public statements on UFOs.
- Twining had previously written a famous Secret memo on
September 23, 1947 (the day before Truman allegedly set up MJ-12)
stating that flying saucers were real and urged formal investigation by
multiple government organizations such as the AEC, NACA, NEPA, Bush's
JRDB, and the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board. This led directly to
the creation of Project Sign in late 1947.
- Vandenberg met with Bush's JRDB in a suddenly-called meeting on
the morning of the Roswell UFO incident (July 8, 1947) and was reported
in the press as handling the later public relations crises.
Radm. Konstantine Konopisos most recently implicated to involvement with
later years of the MJ12 activities as Vice JAG of the US NAVY.
- Bush was directly implicated in 1950-51 Canadian documents
heading a highly secret UFO investigation within the Research and
Development Board (RDB); this assertion was confirmed by Canadian
scientist Wilbert B. Smith Immediately after the Roswell UFO incident,
Bush made public statements denying any knowledge of UFOs or any
relation they might have to secret government projects.
- Berkner was on the 1953 CIA-organized Robertson Panel debunking
UFOs and helped establish Project Ozma, the first radio telescope
search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
- Menzel filed a UFO report in 1949, later wrote several UFO
debunking books, and was the most prominent public UFO debunker of his
time. Many conspiracy theorists see this as a "cover-up" for alleged
MJ12 - alien connections.
- Hillenkoetter was on the board of directors of the powerful
civilian UFO organization NICAP and made public statements to Congress
about UFO reality in 1960.
- The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which
Hunsaker chaired from 1941-1958, is also known from documents to have
occasionally delved into UFO cases. Other members of NACA were Bush
(1938-1948), Compton (1948-1949), Vandenberg (1948-1953), Twining
(1953-1957), and Bronk (1948-1958).
- Teller was a member of a scientific panel in 1949 at Los Alamos
National Laboratory looking into the UFO phenomenon known as the green
fireballs
Professional and social connections between purported MJ-12 members
Research has also shown that there were many social and professional
connections between many of the alleged members of MJ-12. For example,
Bush, Hunsaker, Bronk, and Berkner all sat on the oversight committee of
the Research and Development Board (RDB), which Bush had established
and initially chaired. Other notables on the RDB oversight committee
were Karl Compton, Robert Oppenheimer, and Dr. H. P. Robertson, who
headed up the debunking Robertson Panel, of which Berkner was a member.
As mentioned, 1950 Canadian documents indicated that Bush headed up a
small, highly secret UFO study group within the RDB.
Various alleged MJ-12 members or participants would also naturally be
part of the Presidential office's National Security Council, created in
1947. This would include (depending on NSC composition, which evolved)
various NSC permanent members: Executive Secretary (Souers, Cutler), the
Secretary of Defense (Forrestal), the Secretary of the Army (Gray),
National Security Advisor (Gray), and the Air Force Chief of Staff
(Vandenberg, Twining). Other nonpermanent members who would attend NSC
meetings as advisors and implement policy would be the CIA director
(Hillenkoetter, Smith), the head of the Research and Development Board
(Bush, Compton), the President's Special Assistant for National Security
Affairs (Cutler, Gray), and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs (Twining).
Therefore the supposed members and participating personnel of MJ-12
would have served on many other high government agencies and could
conceivably have influenced government policy at many levels. (See also
list of supposed current MJ-12 members below, again indicating various
individuals who have served in high government positions.)
The purported members were trusted and high ranking officials and
scientists, with a history of inclusion in important government projects
and councils; they possessed a diverse range of skills and knowledge
while also having a high security clearance. At the same time that they
possessed these qualities, however, they were not so public figures as
to be instantly missed should they be called upon in an emergency one
wished to keep secret. If such a group existed, these members would be
the likely types of individuals to be part of its membership.
History
The history of the MJ-12 papers is highly complex, with a series of often-confusing assertions, counter assertions and debates.
Arthur Bray's discovery (1978)
In 1978 Canadian researcher Arthur Bray uncovered previously-classified
Canadian UFO documents naming Dr. Vannevar Bush as heading a highly
secret UFO investigation group within the U.S. Research and Development
Board. No name for the group was given. Bray published excerpts of the
documents in his 1979 book,
The UFO Connection.
Paul Bennewitz Connection (1980)
The earliest citation of the term "MJ Twelve" originally surfaced in a
purported U.S. Air Force teletype dated November 17, 1980. This
so-called "Project Aquarius" teletype had been given to Albuquerque
physicist and businessman Paul Bennewitz in November, 1980, by U.S. Air
Force Office of Special Investigations counterintelligence officer
Richard C. Doty as part of a disinformation campaign to discredit
Bennewitz, who claimed to have uncovered evidence of extraterrestrials
on earth. Bennewitz had photographed and recorded electronic data of
what he believed to be UFO activity near nearby Kirtland AFB, which he
had reported to officials at Kirtland. Later it was discovered the
Aquarius document was phony and had been prepared by Doty.
One sentence in the lengthy teletype read:
The official US Government policy and results of Project Aquarius is
still classified TOP SECRET with no dissemination outside channels and
with access restricted to "MJ TWELVE."
As Greg Bishop writes, "Here, near the bottom of this wordy message in
late 1980, was the very first time anyone had seen a reference to the
idea of a suspected government group called 'MJ Twelve' that controlled
UFO information. Of course, no one suspected at the time the colossal
role that this idea would play in 1980s and '90s UFOlogy, and it
eventually spread beyond its confines to become a cultural mainstay."
As Bennewitz was the subject of a disinformation campaign, many
investigators are automatically suspicious of any documents or claims
made in association with the Bennewitz affair. Because the entire MJ-12
affair made its appearance only a year after Bray had made public the
incriminating Canadian documents about the secret UFO committee, one
theory[citation needed] is that the Project Aquarius teletype was part
of a counterintelligence hoax to discredit the information in the
just-revealed Canadian documents. Thus the various MJ-12 documents could
be fake, but the secret committee described in the verified Canadian
documents could still have been real.
The Moore/Shandera Documents (1984)
What came to be known as the "MJ-12 papers" -- detailing a secret UFO
committee allegedly involving Vannevar Bush -- first appeared on a roll
of film in late 1984 in the mailbox of television documentary producer
(and amateur ufologist) Jamie Shandera. Shandera had been collaborating
with Roswell researcher William Moore since 1982.
Just prior to Bennewitz and the Aquarius document, Moore had been
contacted in September 1980 by Doty, who described himself as
representing a shadowy group of 10 military intelligence insiders who
claimed to be opposed to UFO secrecy. Moore called them "The Aviary".
In January 1981, Doty provided Moore with a copy of the phony Aquarius
document with mention of MJ Twelve. Moore would later claim in 1989 that
he began collaborating with AFOSI in spying on fellow researchers such
as Bennewitz, and dispensing disinformation, ostensibly to gain the
trust of the military officers, but reality to learn whatever UFO truth
they might have, and also to learn how the military manipulated UFO
researcher. In return, Doty and others were to leak information to him.
Later it would turn out that some of the UFO documents given Moore were
genuine, but others were forged by Doty and compatriots, or were retyped
and altered from the originals. Furthermore, the film mailed Shandera
with the MJ-12 documents was postmarked "Albuquerque," raising the
obvious suspicion that the MJ-12 documents were more bogus documents
arising from Doty and AFOSI in Albuquerque.
In 1983, Doty also targeted UFO researcher and journalist Linda Moulton
Howe, revealing alleged high-level UFO documents, including those
describing crashed alien flying saucers and recovery of aliens. Doty
again mentioned MJ-12, explaining that ÒMJÓ stood for ÒMajorityÓ (not
ÒMajesticÓ)
Moore soon showed a copy of the Aquarius/MJ 12 teletype given him by
Doty to researchers Brad Sparks and Kal Korff. In 1983, Moore also
sought Sparks' reaction to a plan to create counterfeit government UFO
documents, hoping to induce former military officers to speak out.
Sparks strongly urged Moore not do this.
The previous year Moore had similarly approached nuclear physicist and
UFO researcher Stanton T. Friedman about creating bogus Roswell
documents, again with the idea of encouraging witnesses to come forward.
Also, in early 1982, Moore had approached former National Enquirer
reporter Bob Pratt (who had first published a story on Roswell in the
Enquirer in 1980). Moore asked Pratt to collaborate on novel called
MAJIK-12.
As a result, Pratt always believed that the Majestic-12 papers were a
hoax, either perpetrated personally by Moore or perhaps by AFOSI, with
Doty using Moore as a willing target. Moore, however, flatly denied
creating the documents, but eventually thought that maybe he had been
set up. Noted UFO skeptic Philip J. Klass would also argue that Moore
was the most likely hoaxer of the initial batch of MJ-12 documents.
Unlike Pratt, who was convinced they were a hoax, Friedman would
investigate the historical and technical details in the MJ-12 documents
and become their staunchest defender.
The 1984/1985 MJ-12 Papers
The Eisenhower Briefing Document
The film received by Shandera in 1984 consisted of two MJ-12 documents.
The main document, dated November 18, 1952, was supposedly prepared by
Rear Admiral Roscoe Hillenkoetter, the first CIA director, to brief
incoming president Dwight Eisenhower on the committee's progress. The
document lists all the MJ-12 members and discusses United States Air
Force investigations and concealment of a crashed alien spacecraft near
Roswell, New Mexico, plus another crash in northern Mexico in December
1950.
Eisenhower did indeed receive extensive briefings November 18, 1952,
including a briefing at the Pentagon by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which
would have included alleged MJ-12 members Twining and Vandenberg.
However, EisenhowerÕs Pentagon briefing is still classified and thus the
subject matter discussed remains speculative.
The Cutler/Twining memo (1985)
In 1985, Shandera and Moore began receiving post cards postmarked ÒNew
ZealandÓ with a return address of "Box 189, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." The
cards contained a series of cryptic messages referring to "Reeses [sic]
Pieces" and "Suitland" (among other terms) that Shandera and Moore
assumed were a code; however, they were unable to "decode" the seeming
message.
A few months later, a happenstance request from Friedman unlocked the
mystery: busy due to previous obligations, Friedman asked Moore and
Shandera to examine newly declassified Air Force documents at the
National Archives (NARA) repository in Suitland, Maryland; the head
archivist there was named Ed Reese.
After a few days in Suitland, Shandera and Moore discovered yet another
MJ-12 document, the so-called Cutler/Twining memo, dated July 14, 1954.
Interestingly enough, the memo turned up in "Box 189" of the record
group. In this memo, NSC Executive Secretary and EisenhowerÕs National
Security Advisor Robert Cutler informed Air Force Chief of Staff (and
alleged MJ-12 member) Nathan Twining of a change of plans in a scheduled
MJ-12 briefing.
The Cutler-Twining memo lacked a distinctive catalog number, leading
many to suspect that whether hoaxed or genuine, the memo was almost
certainly planted in the archives.
Moore and Shandera have been accused of hoaxing the memo and then
planting it in the archives. However, Friedman notes that the memo,
unlike the other early MJ-12 papers which were available only as photos,
is on original onionskin paper widely used by the government at that
time. It also has some subtle historical and other details that a
civilian hoaxer would be unlikely to know, such as a red pencil
declassification marking also found with the other declassified files.
Furthermore, NARA security procedures would make it difficult for a
visitor to the Archives to plant such a document; even the skeptical
Klass argued that NARA security procedures made it highly unlikely that
Shandera and Moore could have planted the Cutler-Twining memo in the
archives. Instead, Friedman has argued that one of the many Air Force
personnel involved in declassifying NARA documents could easily have
planted the Cutler/Twining memo in with other unrelated documents.
However, most researchers have argued[citation needed] that various
subtle details point to a forgery (though this doesnÕt negate FriedmanÕs
point that the memo could have been planted by someone in the Air
Force). For example, the date of the alleged MJ-12 meeting does not
correspond to any known meeting of import.
The National Archives has received many requests for documentation and
information about "Project MJ-12." Many of the inquiries concern a
memorandum from Robert Cutler to Gen. Nathan Twining, dated July 14,
1954. This particular document poses problems for the following reasons:
1. The document was located in Record Group 341, entry 267. The series
is filed by a Top Secret register number. This document does not bear
such a number.
2. The document is filed in the folder T4-1846. There are no other documents in the folder regarding "NSC/MJ-12."
3. Researchers on the staff of the National Archives have searched in
the records of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs on Staff,
Headquarters U.S. Air Force, and in other related files. No further
information has been found on this subject.
4. Inquiries to the U.S. Air Force, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the
National Security Council failed to produce further information.
5. The Freedom of Information Office of the National Security Council
informed the National Archives that "Top Secret Restricted Information"
is a marking which did not come into use at the National Security
Council until the Nixon Administration. The Eisenhower Presidential
Library also confirm that this particular marking was not used during
the Eisenhower Administration.
6. The document in question does not bear an official government
letterhead or watermark. The NARA conservation specialist examined the
paper and determined it was a ribbon copy prepared on "diction
onionskin." The Eisenhower Library has examined a representative sample
of the documents in its collection of the Cutler papers. All documents
in the sample created by Mr. Cutler while he served on the NSC staff
have an eagle watermark in the bond paper. The onionskin carbon copies
have either an eagle watermark or no watermark at all. Most documents
sent out by the NSC were prepared on White House letterhead paper. For
the brief period when Mr. Cutler left the NSC, his carbon copies were
prepared on "prestige onionskin."
7. The National Archives searched the Official Meeting Minute Files of
the National Security Council and found no record of an NSC meeting on
July 16, 1954. A search of all NSC Meeting Minutes for July 1954 found
no mention of MJ-12 nor Majestic.
8. The Judicial, Fiscal and Social Branch searched the indices of the
NSC records and found no listing for: MJ-12, Majestic, unidentified
flying objects, UFO, flying saucers, or flying discs.
9. NAJA found a memo in a folder titled "Special Meeting July 16, 1956"
which indicated that NSC members would be called to a civil defense
exercise on July 16, 1956.
10. The Eisenhower Library states, in a letter to the Military Reference
Branch, dated July 16, 1987: "president Eisenhower's Appointment Books
contain no entry for a special meeting on July 16, 1954 which might have
included a briefing on MJ-12. Even when the President had 'off the
record' meetings, the Appointment Books contain entries indicating the
time of the meeting and the participants ...
"The Declassification office of the National Security Council has
informed us that it has no record of any declassification action having
been taken on this memorandum or any other documents on this alleged
project ..."
Robert Cutler, at the direction of President Eisenhower, was visiting
overseas military installations of the day he supposedly issued this
memorandum - July 14, 1954. The Administration Series in Eisenhower's
Papers as President contains Cutler's memorandum and report to the
President upon his return from the trip. The memorandum is dated July
20, 1954 and refers to Cutler's visits to installations in Europe and
North Africa between July 3 and 15. Also, within the NSC Staff Papers is
a memorandum dated July 3, 1954, from Cutler to his two subordinates,
James S. Lay and J. Patrick Cone, explaining how they should handle NSC
administrative matters during his absence; one would assume that if the
memorandum to Twining were genuine, Lay or Cone would have signed it."
The FBI Investigation
The MJ-12 documents were first made public in 1987 by Shandera, Moore,
and Friedman. Another copy of the same documents Shandera received in
1984 was mailed to British researcher Timothy Good in 1987, again from
an anonymous source. Good first reproduced them in his best-selling book
Above Top Secret (1988), but later disowned the documents as likely
fraudulent.
After the documents became widely known with the publication of GoodÕs
book, the Federal Bureau of Investigations then began its own
investigation, urged on by debunker Philip J. Klass. The MJ-12 documents
were supposedly classified as "Top Secret", and the FBI's initial
concern was that someone within the U.S. government had illegally leaked
highly classified information.
The FBI quickly formed doubts as to the documents' authenticity. FBI
personnel contacted the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations
(counterintelligence), asking if MJ-12 had ever existed. AFOSI claimed
that no such committee had ever been authorized or formed, and that the
documents were Òbogus.Ó The FBI adopted the AFOSI opinion and the FBIÕs
official position became that the MJ-12 documents were "completely
bogus.Ó
However, when Stanton Friedman contacted the AFOSI officer, Col. Richard
Weaver, who had rendered this opinion, Friedman said Weaver refused to
document his assertion. Friedman also noted that Weaver had taught
disinformation and propaganda courses for AFOSI and was principal author
of the Air ForceÕs debunking Roswell report in 1994. (Friedman,
110-115)
Timothy Good in
Beyond Top Secret also noted that Weaver in 1994
was the Director of Security and Special Programs Oversight of AFOSIÕs
Pentagon office, a very high level organization within the Office of the
Secretary of the Air Force. Good commented that AFOSI is Òan agency
whose work involves counterintelligence and deception, and which has a
long record of deep involvement in the UFO problem.Ó Within WeaverÕs
office were 'special planners.'
According to Good, "In Air Force parlance, the term 'special plans' is a
euphemism for deception as well as for 'perception management' plans
and operations." Conducting an interview with one Roswell witness,
Weaver himself admitted, ÒWeÕre the people who keep the secrets.Ó It is
difficult to tell from interviews such as these, as the cold war tactics
of deceptions within deceptions are intentionally vague as to where the
disinformation and coverup of espionage ends and the government's
actual investigation into UFOs begins.
William Moore would later reveal that the whole New Mexico UFO
disinformation scheme was run out of the Pentagon by a Colonel Barry
Hennessey of AFOSI. When the Defense Department phone directory was
checked, Hennessey was listed under the "Dept. of Special Techniques."
Working under him at the time was the same Col. Weaver.
Friedman therefore raised the question as to whether Weaver rendered an
objective intelligence opinion about the authenticity of the MJ-12
papers or was deliberately misleading the FBI as a counterintelligence
and disinformation agent, much like Doty had done with Moore and Howe
earlier.
Journalist Howard Blum in his book
Out There (1990) further
described the FBIÕs difficulty in getting at the truth of the matter.
One frustrated FBI agent told Blum, "All weÕre finding out is that the
government doesnÕt know what it knows. There are too many secret levels.
You canÕt get a straight story. It wouldnÕt surprise me if we never
know if the papers are genuine or not."
MJ-12 in Later Conspiracy Theory
Soon after their disclosure, MJ-12 was absorbed into many other alleged conspiracies;
Milton William Cooper's
works (especially Behold A Pale Horse) are key in this introducing
MJ-12 to a wider, conspiratorially-minded audience, and have generated
significant criticism as unfounded. Some of these later versions insist
that the "M" in "MJ-12" stands not for "Majestic" but for "Majority".
According to less extravagant conspiracy theory lore, Majestic 12 was
created with a more humble goal: to cover up alien activities on Earth,
and liaise with the aliens to obtain technology in exchange for
knowledge and testing on human biology.
Present-day MJ-12
Many theories suggest that MJ-12's efforts continue to the present. For
example, UFO researcher Bill Hamilton says he has identified the
present-day members of MJ-12. Gordon Novel, a shadowy figure associated
with various CIA conspiracies, Watergate, and the Jim Garrison
investigation of the Kennedy assassination, in a recent interview,
further adds that most are Americans with a few foreigners. Allegedly
they were involved with Kennedy's murder because Kennedy wanted to end
the cover-up. They are major world power brokers and manipulate events
behind the scenes in a bid for total world power. Supposedly a key
motivation behind the cover-up is back-engineering captured alien
technology in order to obtain such domination. Moreover, many criminal
acts have been committed towards this end, including numerous murders to
maintain security and control of international drug trafficking to pay
for the huge research and security costs. Novel background and interview
Another person to say that MJ-12 still existed was Dr. Eric Walker. When
originally contacted, Walker said he had known of their existence since
their creation in 1947. Similar to Novel, Walker in a later 1990
interview said the current membership was mostly American but had added
some foreigners. They were a highly elite group of individuals and
Walker repeatedly discouraged interviewers from trying to learn more,
saying there was nothing the average person could do.
Arguments For ... Wikipedia
Arguments Against ... Wikipedia
More on
Majestic 12 Wikipedia
Project Grudge
Project Grudge
was a short-lived project by the U.S. Air Force to investigate
unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Grudge succeeded Project Sign in
February, 1949, and was then followed by Project Blue Book. The project
formally ended in December 1949, but actually continued on in a very
minimal capacity until late 1951. Project Sign had been active from 1947
to 1949. Some of Sign's personnel including director Robert Sneider,
favored the extraterrestrial hypothesis as the best explanation for UFO
reports. They prepared the Estimate of the Situation arguing their case.
This theory was ultimately rejected by high-ranking officers, and
Project Sign was dissolved and replaced by Project Grudge.
Project Bluebook
Project Blue Book
was one of a series of systematic studies of Unidentified flying
objects (UFOs) conducted by the United States Air Force (U.S.A.F.).
Started in 1952, it was the second revival of such a study. A
termination order was given for the study in December 1969, and all
activity under its auspices ceased in January 1970.
Project Blue Book had two goals: to determine if UFOs were a threat to
national security, and to scientifically analyze UFO-related data.
Thousands of UFO reports were collected, analyzed and filed. As the
result of the Condon Report, which concluded there was nothing anomalous
about any UFOs, Project Blue Book was ordered shut down in December
1969. This project was the last publicly known UFO research project led
by the USAF.
By the time Project Blue Book ended, it had collected 12,618 UFO
reports, and concluded that most of them were misidentifications of
natural phenomena (clouds, stars, et cetera) or conventional aircraft. A
few were considered hoaxes. 701 of the reports - about six percent -
were classified as unknowns, defying detailed analysis. The UFO reports
were archived and are available under the Freedom of Information Act,
but names and other personal information of all witnesses have been
redacted.
Though many accepted Blue Book's final conclusions that there was
nothing extraordinary about UFOs, critics - then and now - have charged
that Blue Book, especially in its later years, was engaging in dubious
research, or even perpetuating a cover up of UFO evidence. Some evidence
suggests that not only did some UFO reports bypass Blue Book entirely,
but that the U.S. Air Force continued collecting and studying UFO
reports after Blue Book had been discontinued, despite official claims
to the contrary.
The Trilateral Commission
The
Trilateral Commission
is a private organization, established to foster closer cooperation
between America, Europe and Japan. It was founded in July 1973, at the
initiative of David Rockefeller; who was Chairman of the Council on
Foreign Relations at that time. The Trilateral Commission is widely seen
as a counterpart to the Council on Foreign Relations. He pushed the
idea of including Japan at the Bilderberg meetings he was attending but
was rebuffed. Along with Zbigniew Brzezinski and a few other people,
including individuals from the Brookings Institution, Council on Foreign
Relations and the Ford Foundation, he convened initial meetings out of
which grew the Trilateral organization.
Other founding members included Alan Greenspan and Paul Volcker, both eventually heads of the Federal Reserve system.
Its first executive committee meeting was held in Tokyo in October 1973.
In May 1976, the first plenary meeting of all of the Commission's
regional groups took place in Kyoto, attended by Jimmy Carter.
Today it consists of approximatively 300Ð350 private citizens from
Europe, Pacific Asia (Asia & Oceania), and North America, and exists
to promote closer political and economic cooperation between these
areas, which are the primary industrial regions in the world. Its
official journal from its founding is a magazine called Trialogue.
Membership is divided into numbers proportionate to each of its three
regional areas. These members include corporate CEOs, politicians of all
major parties, distinguished academics, university presidents, labor
union leaders and not-for-profits involved in overseas philanthropy.
Members who gain a position in their respective country's government
must resign from the Commission.
The organization has come under much scrutiny and criticism by political
activists and academics working in the social and political sciences.
The Commission has found its way into a number of conspiracy theories,
especially when it became known that President Jimmy Carter appointed 26
former Commission members to senior positions in his Administration.
Later it was revealed that Carter himself was a former Trilateral
member. In the 1980 election, it was revealed that Carter and his two
major opponents, John B. Anderson and George H. W. Bush, were also
members, and the Commission became a campaign issue. Ronald Reagan
supporters noted that he was not a Trilateral member, but after he was
chosen as Republican nominee he chose Bush as his running mate; as
president, he appointed a few Trilateral members to Cabinet positions
and held a reception for the Commission in the White House in 1984.
The John Birch Society, which takes a conspiracy-oriented view, believes
that the Trilateral Commission is dedicated to a one-world government.
In 1980, Holly Sklar released a book titled Trilateralism: the
Trilateral Commission and Elite Planning for World Management.
Since many of the members were businesspeople or bankers, actions that
they took or encouraged that helped the banking industry have been
noted. Jeremiah Novak, writing in the July 1977 issue of Atlantic, said
that after international oil prices rose when Nixon set price controls
on American domestic oil, many developing countries were required to
borrow from banks to buy oil: "The Trilaterists' emphasis on
international economics is not entirely disinterested, for the oil
crisis forced many developing nations, with doubtful repayment
abilities, to borrow excessively.
All told, private multinational banks, particularly Rockefeller's Chase
Manhattan, have loaned nearly $52 billion to developing countries. An
overhauled IMF would provide another source of credit for these nations,
and would take the big private banks off the hook.This proposal is the
cornerstone of the Trilateral plan."
The North American continent is represented by 107 members (15 Canadian,
seven Mexican and 85 U.S. citizens). The European group has reached its
limit of 150 members, including citizens from Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
At first, Asia and Oceania were represented only by Japan. However, in
2000 the Japanese group of 85 members expanded itself, becoming the
Pacific Asia group, composed of 117 members: 75 Japanese, 11 South
Koreans, seven Australian and New Zealand citizens, and 15 members from
the ASEAN nations (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and
Thailand). The Pacific Asia group also includes nine members from China,
Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Membership
The Jason Society Theory
As the story goes ... allegedly former President Eisenhower
commissioned a secret society known as the Jason Society under the
leadership of the following; Director of Central Intelligence, Allen
Welsh Dulles, Dr Zbigniew Brzezinski, President of the Trilateral
Commission from 1973 until 1976, and Dr. Henry Kissenger, leader of the
scientific effort, to sift through all the facts, evidence, technology,
lies and deceptions andfind the truth of the Alien question. The society
was made up of thirty two (32) of the most prominent men in the USA.
MJ-12 allegedly operates inside the Jason Society. The top 12 members of
the 32 members of the Jason Society were designated as MJ-12. MJ-12
has control of everything. They are designated by the code J-1, J-2,
J-3, etc. all the way through themembers of the Jason Society. The
director of Central Intelligence was appointed J-1 and is the Director
of the MJ-12 group. MJ-12 use to only be responsible to the President of
the United States (not true anymore). The actual cost of funding the
Alien connected projects is higher than anything you could imagine.
Some believe that, MJ-12 runs most of the worlds illegal drug trade to
hide funding and thus keep the secret from congress and the people of
the United States. It was justified in that it would identify and
eliminate the weak and undesired elements of our society.
A secret meeting place was constructed for the MJ-12 group in Maryland
and is only accessible by air. It contains full living, recreational,
and other facilities for the MJ-12 group and the Jason Society. It is
code named "The Country Club". The land for The Country Club was
donated by the Rockerfeller family. Only those with Ultra Top Secret -
MAJI clearances are allowed to attend.
MAJI - Majority Agency for Joint Intelligence: All information,
disinformation, and intelligence is gathered and evaluated by this
agency. This agency is responsible for all disinformation and operates
in conjunction with the CIA, NSA, DIA, and the Office of Naval
Intelligence. This is a very powerful organization and all Alien
projects are under its control. MAJI is responsible only to MJ-12. MAJIC
is the security classification and clearance of all Alien connected
material, projects, and information.
MAJIC is also MAJI.
MJ-1 is the classification for the director of MAJI, who is the director
of the CIA and reports only to the President. Other members of MAJI
are designnated MJ-2, MJ-3, etc. This is why there is some confusion
about references of MJ-12, the group or MJ-12 the person.
Designation for MJ-12, the group are MAJI or MAJIC Designation in official documents about MJ-12 means the person
only.
In 1947, PROJECT SIGN was created to acquire as much information as
possible about UFO's, their performance characteristics and their
purposes. In order to preserve security, liason between Project Sign
and MJ-12 was limited to two individuals within the intelligence
division of the Air Material Command whose roll was to pass along
certain types of information through channels. Project Sign evolved
Project Grudge in December of 1948. Project Grudge had an overt
civilian counterpart named PROJECT BLUE BOOK, with which we are all
familiar. Only "Safe" reports were passed to Project Blue Book.
MJ-12 was originally organized by General George C. Marshall in July
1947 to study the Roswell-Magdalena UFO crash recovery and debris.
Admiral Hillenkoetter, director of the CIA from May 1, 1947 until
September 1950, decided to activate the "Robertson Panel," which was
designed to monitor civilian UFO study groups that were appearing all
over the country. He also joined NICAP in 1956 and was chosen as a
member of its board of directors. It was from this position that he
was able to act as the MJ-12 "Mole", along with his team of other
covert experts. They were able to steer NICAP in any direction they
wanted to go. With the "Flying Saucer Program" under complete
control of MJ-12 and with the physical evidence hidden away, General
Marshall felt more at ease with this very bizarre situation. These
men and their successors have most successfully kept most of the
public fooled up to the present, including much of the western
world, by setting up false experts and throwing their influence
behind them to make their plan work, with considerable success until
now.
Within 6 months of the Roswell crash on July 2, 1947 and the finding
of another crashed UFO at San Augustine Flats near Magdelena, New
Mexico on July 3, 1947, a great deal of reorganization of agencies
and shuffling of people took place. The main thrust behind the
original "Security Lid", and the very reason for its construction,
was the analysis and attempted duplication of the technologies of
the discs. The activity was headed up by the following groups.
1. The Research and Development Board (R&DB)
2. Air Force Research and Development (AFRD)
3. The Office of Naval Research (ONR)
4. CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (CIA-OSI)
5. NSA Office of Scientific Intelligence (NSA-OSI)
No single one of these groups knew the whole story, which is not
uncommon in conspiratorial circles. Each group was to know only the
parts that MJ-12 allowed them to know. MJ-12 also operates through the
various civilian intelligence and investigative groups. The CIA and FBI
are manipulated by MJ-12 to carry out their purposes. The NSA was
created in the first place to protect the secret of the recovered flying
discs, and eventually got complete control over all communication
intelligence. This control allows
the NSA to monitor any individual through mail, telephone, telexes,
telegrams, and now through on-line computers, monitoring private
andpersonal communications as they may desire.
Alleged Majic Projects
SIGMA is the project which first established communications with
the Aliens and is responsible for communications.
PLATO is the project responsible for Diplomatic Relations with
the Aliens. This project secured a formal treaty with the aliens.
AQUARIUS is the project which compiled the history of the Alien
presence and interaction on Earth and the HOMO SAPIENS.
GARNET is the project responsible for control of all information
and documents regarding the Alien subjects and accountability of
their information and documents.
PLUTO is a project responsible for evaluating all UFO and IAC
information pertaining to space technology.
POUNCE project was formed to recover all downed and/or crashed
craft and Aliens. This project provided cover stories and
operations to mask the true endeavor, whenever necessary. Covers
which have been used were crashed experimental aircraft,
construction, Mining, etc. This project has been successful and
is ongoing today.
NRO is the National Recon Organization based at Fort Carson,
Colorado. It's responsible for security on all Alien or Alien
Spacecraft connected to the projects.
DELTA is the designation for the specific arm of NRO which is
especially trained and tasked with security of all MAJI projects.
It's a security team and task force from NRO especially trained
to provide Alien tasked projects and LUNA security (Also has the
CODE NAME: "Men In Black" [MIB]). This project is ongoing.
BLUE TEAM is the first project responsible for reaction and/or
recovery of downed and/or crashed Alien craft and/or Aliens. This
was a U.S. Air Force Material Command project.
SIGN is the second project responsible for collection of
intelligence and determining whether Alien presence constitutes a
treat to the U.S. National Security. SIGN absorbed the BLUE TEAM
project. This was a U.S. Air Force and CIA project.
REDLIGHT was the project to test fly recovered Alien craft. This
project was postponed after every attempt resulted in the
destruction of the craft and death of the pilots. This project was
carried out at AREA 51, Groom Lake, (Dreamland) in Nevada. Project
REDLIGHT was resumed in 1972. This project has been partially
successful. UFO sightings of craft accompanied by Black Helicopters
are Project REDLIGHT assets. This project is now ongoing at AREA 51
in Nevada. (Believed to have moved to Mexico at this time for
testing).
SNOWBIRD was established as a cover for Project Redlight. A "Flying
Saucer" type aircraft was built using conventional technology. It
was unveiled to the press and flown in public on several occasions.
The purpose was to explain accidental sightings or disclosures of
Redlight as having been Snowbird crafts. This was a very successful
disinformation operation. This project is only activated when
needed. This deception has not been used for many years. This
project is currently in mothballs, until it is needed again.
BLUE BOOK was a U.S. Air Force, UFO, and Alien Intelligence
collection and disinformation project. This project was terminated
and its collected information and duties were absorbed by project
Aquarius. A classified report named "Grudge/Blue Book, Report
Number 13" is the only significant information derived from the
project and is unavailable to the public.
http://www.crystalinks.com/mj12.html
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