WHAT ARE THE ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE? WHY IS THE OBAMA WHITE HOUSE MINIMIZNG THIS URGENT QUESTION?

Posted on 16/03/2011 by CK Hunter

It's time to say NO to nuclear energy.

Copyright 2011-3011 Alternative News Forum, All Rights Reserved.

Re-posted on 3.16.2011 Courtesy of the BBC website at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12722435

As American families scramble to procure potassium iodide tablets and to learn all they can about the health effects of radiation exposure, I have been at first baffled, and eventually irate over the lack of intelligent truthful and accurate reporting on this issue from the mainstream press. Scouring the web daily for good and helpful easy to read and understand articles on the topic of radiation exposure, I have noted with alarm and dismay that our US news media is putting out a steady stream of conflicting, confusing, incomplete and misleading articles on this topic.

‘Be prepared’: U.S. Surgeon General’s warning as terrified Americans panic-buy anti-radiation drugs and Geiger counters over nuclear fall-out fears

Cited:

Nukepills.com sells 250,000 potassium iodide pills while Anbex gets three orders a MINUTE instead of per week

Packs of 14 pills that usually cost $9.99 changing hands on Amazon.com and eBay for $250 to $400

Geigercounters.com begs people not to place any more orders after it sells out of radiation detection gadgets

Real-time radiation map of U.S. shows levels are currently within normal ranges

Japan Fukushima plant rocked by another fire and two more explosions, bringing the total to four

President Obama: ‘No danger of Japan nuclear fallout reaching the U.S.’ [ Are you KIDDING me? How WRONG is this statement! ]

American media outlets, elected local officials, Barack Obama: Get your story straight!

As the Los Angeles County health official was just quoted as saying that iodine pills are not needed, the US Surgeon General was quoted the same day saying just the opposite. To make matters worse our own clearly incompetent and clueless Commander-in-Chief chimed in with the L.A. officials’ remarks, reiterating that “no nuclear fallout would reach the U.S”. Since when is Barack Obama a soothsayer on the nuances of the pacific jet stream? It’s an ill-informed misstatement at least, and an overt blunder at worst to just assume that “no radioactive fallout will reach this country.” How absurd for him to make such an ill informed comment at this particular time. It does nothing to bolster the people’s flagging faith in this man leadership, which is always suspiciously missing in action when needed.

It’s just one more WTF moment in observing the apparent incompetence of elected US public high officials in dealing adequately with a very serious potential national health crisis that is unfolding hourly. Minimizing the imminent threat of radiation clouds that could blow over the USA mainland and even stall over certain regions seems more than a little bit wicked to me.

What in the hell is our local and national leadership thinking at this urgent moment? Are local public officials actually trying to convince Americans NOT to look at the potential nuclear fallout elephant in the living room? For God’s sake, why?

No one in their right mind, as far as I am concerned, should be telling Americans NOT to procure supplies of potassium iodide tablets, yet that is exactly what one Los Angeles County public health official was just quoted as saying. Honestly, were it not for the UK, Canadian and Australian press, I would be hard pressed to locate good educational materials on the topic of radiation exposure at all.

Why are our health and public safety leaders sticking their heads in the sand at this particular moment, when serious and strenuous national leadership and a unified health and safety message for the American public is so desperately needed?

I’d like to thank the BBC, Australian and Canadian press for their helpful essays and reporting on both the nuclear events in Japan as they occurred, and the possible adverse health effects of exposure to airborne radiation. I could not locate a single article like this one below in the US press. What’s wrong with that picture?

Chase Kyla Hunter

Cited:

What are the immediate health effects of exposure to radiation?

Exposure to moderate levels of radiation – above one gray – can result in radiation sickness, which produces a range of symptoms.

Nausea and vomiting often begin within hours of exposure, followed by diarrhoea, headaches and fever.

After the first round of symptoms, there may be a brief period with no apparent illness, but this may be followed within weeks by new, more serious symptoms.

At higher levels of radiation, all of these symptoms may be immediately apparent, along with widespread – and potentially fatal – damage to internal organs.

Exposure to a radiation dose of four gray will typically kill about half of all healthy adults.

For comparison, radiation therapy for cancer typically involves several doses of between one and seven gray at a time – but these doses are highly controlled, and usually specifically targeted at small areas of the body.

Radiation dose	Effect
Source: World Nuclear Association: See http://worldnuclear.org/auswahl.cfm?select=1
2 mSv/yr (millisieverts per year)	Typical background radiation experienced by everyone (average 1.5 mSv in Australia, 3 mSv in North America)
9 mSv/yr	Exposure by airline crew flying New York-Tokyo polar route
20 mSv/yr	Current limit (averaged) for nuclear industry employees
50 mSv/yr	Former routine limit for nuclear industry employees. It is also the dose rate which arises from natural background levels in several places in Iran, India and Europe
100 mSv/yr	Lowest level at which any increase in cancer is clearly evident.
350 mSv/lifetime	Criterion for relocating people after Chernobyl accident
1,000 mSv single dose	Causes (temporary) radiation sickness such as nausea and decreased white blood cell count, but not death. Above this, severity of illness increases with dose
5,000 mSv single dose	Would kill about half those receiving it within a month

How is radiation sickness treated?

The first thing to do is to try to minimise further contamination by removing clothes and shoes, and gently washing the skin with soap and water.

Drugs are available that increase white blood-cell production to counter any damage that may have occurred to the bone marrow, and to reduce the risk of further infections due to immune-system damage.

There are also specific drugs that can help to reduce the damage to internal organs caused by radioactive particles.

How does radiation have an impact on health?

Radioactive materials that decay spontaneously produce ionising radiation, which has the capacity to cause significant damage to the body’s internal chemistry, breaking the chemical bonds between the atoms and molecules that make up our tissues.

The body responds by trying to repair this damage, but sometimes it is too severe or widespread to make repair possible. There is also a danger of mistakes in the natural repair process.

Regions of the body that are most vulnerable to radiation damage include the cells lining the intestine and stomach, and the blood-cell producing cells in the bone marrow.

The extent of the damage caused is dependent on how long people are exposed to radiation, and at what level.

Radiation and cancer

• Most experts agree even small doses of ionising radiation – as low as 100 millisieverts – can increase the risk of cancer, but by a very small amount.
• In general, the risk of cancer increases as the dose of radiation increases. Exposure to one sievert of radiation is estimated to increase the lifetime risk of fatal cancer by around 5%.
• The thyroid gland and bone marrow are particularly sensitive to ionising radiation.
• Leukemia, a type of cancer that arises in the bone marrow, is the most common radiation-induced cancer. Leukemias may appear as early as a few years after radiation exposure.
• Other cancer can also result from exposure to radiation, but may not develop for at least a decade. These include cancers of the lung, skin, thyroid, breast and stomach.

What are the most likely long-term health effects?

Cancer is the biggest long-term risk. Usually when the body’s cells reach their “sell-by date” they commit suicide. Cancer results when cells lose this ability, and effectively become immortal, continuing to divide and divide in an uncontrolled fashion.

The body has various processes for ensuring that cells do not become cancerous, and for replacing damaged tissue.

But the damage caused by exposure to radiation can completely disrupt these control processes, making it much more likely that cancer will result.

Failure to properly repair the damage caused by radiation can also result in changes – or mutations – to the body’s genetic material, which are not only associated with cancer, but may also be potentially passed down to offspring, leading to deformities in future generations. These can include smaller head or brain size, poorly formed eyes, slow growth and severe learning difficulties.

Are children at greater risk?

Potentially yes. Because they are growing more rapidly, more cells are dividing, and so the potential for things to go wrong is greater.

Following the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in the Ukraine in 1986, the World Health Organization recorded a dramatic increase in thyroid cancer among children in the vicinity.

This was because the radioactive materials released during the accident contained high levels of radioactive iodine, a material that accumulates in the thyroid.

What risk does Fukushima pose currently?

The Japanese authorities have recorded a radiation level of up 400 millisieverts per hour at the nuclear plant itself.

A sievert is essentially equivalent to a gray, but tends to be used to measure lower levels of radiation, and for assessing long-term risk, rather than the short-term acute impact of exposure.

Professor Richard Wakeford, an expert in radiation exposure at the University of Manchester, said exposure to a dose of 400 millisieverts was unlikely to cause radiation sickness – that would require a dose of around twice that level (one sievert/one gray).

However, it could start to depress the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, and was likely to raise the lifetime risk of fatal cancer by 2-4%. Typically, a Japanese person has a lifetime risk of fatal cancer of 20-25%.

Prof Wakeford stressed only emergency workers at the plant were at risk of exposure to such a dose – but it was likely that they would only be exposed for short periods of time to minimise their risk.

The level of exposure for the general population, even those living close to the plant, was unlikely to be anywhere near as high.

How can the Japanese authorities minimise the cost to human health?

Prof Wakeford said that provided the Japanese authorities acted quickly, most of the general population should be spared significant health problems.

He said in those circumstances the only people likely to be at risk of serious health effects were nuclear workers at the plant or emergency workers exposed to high levels of radiation.

He said the top priority would be to evacuate people from the area and to make sure they did not eat contaminated food. The biggest risk was that radioactive iodine could get into their system, raising the risk of thyroid cancer.

To counter that risk, people – in particular children – could be given tablets containing stable iodine which would prevent the body absorbing the radioactive version.

The Japanese already have a lot of iodine in their natural diet, so that should help too.

How does Fukushima compare to Chernobyl?

Professor Gerry Thomas, who has studied the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster, said: “It is very unlikely that this will turn into anything that resembles Chernobyl.

“In Chernobyl you had a steam explosion which exposed the reactor core, which meant you had a lot of radiation shooting up into the atmosphere.”

Prof Thomas said although the Chernobyl disaster had led to a rise in thyroid cancer cases, the only people affected were those living in the immediate area of the explosion and who were young at the time.

MAN WITH 4TH AMENDMENT WRITTEN ON CHEST SUES OVER AIRPORT ARREST

By David Kravets March 14, 2011

Government photo of Aaron Tobey being held at Richmond International Airport on December 30

A 21-year-old Virginia man who wrote an abbreviated version of the Fourth Amendment on his body and stripped to his shorts at an airport security screening area is demanding $250,000 in damages for being detained on a disorderly conduct charge.

Aaron Tobey claims in a civil rights lawsuit (.pdf) that in December he was handcuffed and held for about 90 minutes by the Transportation Security Administration at the Richmond International Airport after he began removing his clothing to display on his chest a magic-marker protest of airport security measures.

“Amendment 4: The right of the people to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated,” his chest and gut read.

The University of Cincinnati student didn’t want to go through the advanced imaging technology X-ray machines that are cropping up at airports nationwide. Instead, when it was his turn to be screened, he was going to opt for an intrusive pat-down — and remove most of his clothing in the process.

“He went there knowing he would not do the advanced imaging and do the pat-down instead,” his attorney, James Knicely, said in a telephone interview. “He was making it easy for them and in the process he wanted to communicate his objection for doing so.”

Among other things, the federal lawsuit claims wrongful detention and a breach of the First Amendment and Fourth Amendment. “He was held there for 90 minutes, and handcuffed behind his back,” Knicely said.

Tobey was on his way to Wisconsin for his grandmother’s funeral. Despite his detainment, he made his flight.

According to the suit, while under interrogation on December 30, the authorities wanted to know “about his affiliation with, or knowledge of, any terrorist organizations, if he had been asked to do what he did by any third party, and what his intentions and goals were.”

Two weeks later, Henrico County prosecutors dropped the misdemeanor charge.

US COMMITS GENOCIDE THROUGH UN SANCTIONS RARE VIDEO

DIGGERS MESS UP IN MIDDLE EAST

Ian McPhedran From: Herald Sun March 09, 2011

DRINK-driving, drunk on duty, sleeping on the job and accidentally firing a gun are among the offences committed by Australian military personnel in the Middle East in the past two years.

A total of 160 Australians from all three services faced 167 charges of misconduct in the Middle East Area of Operations between January 2009 and February this year.

It reads like something from a training manual under the heading: "What not to do in a war zone".

There were 14 cases of troops being AWOL, 15 instances of unauthorised weapon discharge and five where troops were drunk on duty.

One person was charged with driving a service vehicle while intoxicated.

The offenders include 35 officers.

The figures do not include three commandos who have been charged with manslaughter over the death of five children during a special forces raid in 2009. That case is due in court within weeks.

"Misdemeanors" were not included in the figures. These include matters that were overlooked or downgraded to a warning and "counselling".

The most common charge involved 65 service personnel who failed to comply with a general order.

Such orders cover issues such as dress codes and appearance.

The next most common, but much more serious, offence was disobeying a lawful order -- committed by 27 Australians. Punishment varies from a reprimand to loss of pay and rank.

The most serious cases can result in jail time in the defence force correctional establishment.

Charges are usually heard by a superior officer who can refer them up the command chain.

During the two-year period about 10,000 Australian Defence Force personnel have served in the Middle East, including Afghanistan, navy ships at sea and other bases across the region.

Others charges included prejudicial conduct (16 charged), insubordinate conduct (six), insubordinate language (two), dangerous conduct (two), destruction of service property (two), asleep on guard duty (one), and creating a disturbance (one).

NASA Scientist Dr Richard Hoover claims to have found evidence of alien life

NewsCore From: NewsCore March 06, 2011

While some scientists are excited by the finds, others say more evidence is needed that we have found alien life. File picture Source: Supplied

WE are not alone and alien life forms may have more in common with life on Earth than we had thought, according to a NASA scientist.

The out-of-this-world research by Dr Richard B. Hoover, an astrobiologist with NASA's Marshall Space Flight Centre, was published in the March edition of the Journal of Cosmology.

In the report, Dr Hoover describes the latest findings in his study of an extremely rare class of meteorites, called CI1 carbonaceous chondrites - only nine such meteorites were known to exist on Earth.

The scientist was convinced that his findings revealed fossil evidence of bacterial life within such meteorites and by extension, suggests we are not alone in the universe.

"I interpret it as indicating that life is more broadly distributed than restricted strictly to the planet Earth," Dr Hoover said.

"This field of study has just barely been touched because quite frankly, a great many scientists would say that this is impossible."

In what he called "a very simple process," Dr Hoover fractured the meteorite stones under a sterile environment before examining the freshly broken surface with the standard tools of the scientist: a scanning electron microscope and a field emission electron scanning microscope, which allowed him to search the stone's surface for evidence of fossil remains.

He found the fossil remains of micro-organisms not so different from ordinary ones found underfoot on Earth.

"The exciting thing is that they are in many cases recognisable and can be associated very closely with the generic species here on earth," Dr Hoover said.

But not all of them. "There are some that are just very strange and don't look like anything that I've been able to identify, and I've shown them to many other experts that have also come up stumped."

Other scientists say the implications of this research were shocking, describing the findings variously as profound, very important and extraordinary.

But Dr David Marais, an astrobiologist with NASA's AMES Research Centre, said he was very cautious about jumping on the bandwagon.

These kinds of claims have been made before, he noted and found to be false.

"It's an extraordinary claim, and thus I'll need extraordinary evidence," he said.

SUPERMARKET GIANT COLES ACCUSED OF HIKING PETROL PRICE TO PAY FOR CHEAP MILK

Anne Wright From:Herald Sun March 09, 2011

Coles is accused of hiking petrol prices to cover the cost of cheap milk. Picture: Adam Ward Source: Herald Sun

COLES will be forced to answer whether it is conning customers by hiking up the cost of petrol to pay for slashed milk prices.

The supermarket giant will be quizzed by a Senate committee about claims by a rival independent chain it may have lifted petrol rates to cover the cost of cutting the price of milk.

Foodworks chief executive Russell Markham claimed in his submission to a Senate inquiry yesterday that Coles couldn't sell milk at cut prices without making up the lost income in other areas.

Are shoppers being conned by supermarkets? Have your say below

"I am aware that fuel can be offset against grocery prices and an ex-employee of Coles has told me that," he said.

Coles hit back, saying there was no evidence for the claim.

"We do not cross-subsidise between our supermarket and petrol businesses," spokesman Jim Cooper said.

"All of our price cuts stand alone and are genuine. And we would note that our fuel prices are competitive within the fuel market, which they obviously would not be if they were being used to subsidise food prices."

The price of petrol at Coles Express service stations in inner-Melbourne was up to 143.9c yesterday, according to petrol monitoring website MotorMouth.

The Senate economics committee also heard fresh milk would become a luxury. Long-life milk would be used in the average Australian home if supermarket price wars went unchecked.

Coles came under fire after dairy organisations said the industry would crumble if "unsustainably" low prices of milk were allowed to continue.

Australian Dairy Farmers vice-president Christopher Griffin told the hearing Coles was "not to be trusted" after it slashed the cost of milk to $1 a litre.

"It's simply not sustainable," he said.

"Dairy farmers do not or should not trust Coles - and neither should its customers."

Independent senator Nick Xenophon said outside the inquiry that Coles was showing contempt for the Senate, farmers and consumers by not making a submission explaining its actions.

"Woolworths let the cat out of the bag last night when . . . they said that this price war is simply unsustainable, that it will have a huge impact on the dairy industry," he said.

wrighta@heraldsun.com.au

1995 CONTRACT BETWEEN CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF AUSTRALIA, CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF AMERICA -A DELAWARE CORPORATION- AND FRENCH COMPANY SODEXHO S.A

This was something I found on an old laptop. Hopefully it is useful.
SHAREHOLDERS' AGREEMENT

       This Shareholders' Agreement (the "Agreement"), dated as of October
17, 1995, is by and among Corrections Corporation of Australia Pty. Ltd., a
Queensland, Australia corporation (the "Corporation"), Corrections Corporation
of America, a Delaware corporation ("CCA") and Sodexho S.A., a French societe
anonyme ("Sodexho") (CCA and Sodexho are sometimes referred to herein
collectively as the "Shareholders").

                            W I T N E S S E T H:

       WHEREAS, CCA owns 22,500 class "C" shares in the capital of the
Corporation, representing in the aggregate one hundred percent (100%) of the
issued and outstanding class "C" shares of the Corporation;

       WHEREAS, Sodexho owns 22,500 Class "C" Shares in the Capital of the
Corporation which Shares are held in accordance with Section 3.02(a)(ii) of the
Stock Purchase Agreement as amended on October 17, 1995 (the "Stock Purchase
Agreement"); and

       WHEREAS, the parties believe it is in the best interest of the
Corporation and its Shareholders to restrict Transfers of shares of capital of
the Corporation, and desire to set forth the terms and conditions regarding any
Transfers of class "C" shares and to set forth their agreements with respect to
certain other matters.

       NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the mutual
promises, covenants, representations, warranties, and conditions contained in
this Agreement, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and
sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Corporation and the
Shareholders hereby agree as follows:

       1.      Definitions.

       The following words and terms when used in this Agreement shall have
the meanings set forth below.

               (a)  "Affiliate" means any person or entity that, directly or
indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or
is under common control with, the person or entity specified.

               (b)  "Holder" or "Holders" means one or more Holders of Class
"C" Shares in the Capital of the Corporation, whether legal or beneficial
Holders, or parties to this Agreement or who are otherwise bound by its terms.

               (c)  "Shares" means all Class "C" Shares in the capital of the
Corporation held by the Holders and all other securities of the Corporation or
any successor of the Corporation which (i) may be issued in exchange for or in
respect of such Shares (whether by way of stock split,
   2



stock dividend, combination, reclassification, share exchange, reorganization,
exchange, conversion, or any other means), or (ii) may be hereafter acquired by
any Holder or during the term of this Agreement.


               (d)  "Transfer", "Transferred", or "Transferring" means any
sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, pledge, hypothecation, mortgage,
encumbrance, gift, or other disposition of any Shares or any interest therein,
whether direct or indirect, or any attempted sale, assignment, transfer,
conveyance, pledge, hypothecation, mortgage, encumbrance, or other disposition
of such Shares or interest, including, without limitation, any commitment or
executory contract relating to the foregoing which is not expressly subject to
this Agreement.

       2.      Conditions to Transfer.

       No Holder shall Transfer all or any part of its Shares, except
expressly in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

       3.      Right of First Refusal on Dispositions by Shareholders.  No
Shareholder shall directly or indirectly Transfer any or all Shares owned by it
to a third party unless (a) such Shareholder shall have received a bona-fide
arm's length offer to purchase such Shares from such third party, and (b) the
Shareholder first submits a written offer (the "Offer") to the other
Shareholder (the "Remaining Shareholder") identifying the third party to whom
such Shares are proposed to be sold and the terms of the proposed sale and
offering the opportunity to purchase such Shares on terms and conditions,
including price, not less favorable to the Remaining Shareholder or its
designee than those on which the Shareholder proposes to sell such Shares to
any other purchaser.

       The Remaining Shareholder shall act upon the Offer as soon as
practicable after receipt thereof, and in any event within 20 days after
receipt thereof.  In the event that the Remaining Shareholder or its designee
shall elect to purchase all or a part of the Shares covered by the Offer, the
Remaining Shareholder shall communicate in writing such election to purchase to
the Shareholder who submitted the Offer, which communication shall be delivered
to such Shareholder as set forth in Section 16 hereof and shall, when taken in
conjunction with the Offer, be deemed to constitute a valid, legally binding
and enforceable agreement for the sale and purchase of the Shares covered
thereby.

       In the event that the Remaining Shareholder or its designee does not
purchase all of the Shares offered by such Shareholder pursuant to the Offer,
the unpurchased portion of such Shares may be sold by such Shareholder at any
time within ninety (90) days after receipt of the Offer by the Remaining
Shareholder.  Any such sale shall be to the person originally named in the
Offer as the proposed purchaser or transferee and shall be at not less than the
price and upon other terms and conditions, if any, not more favorable to such
purchaser than those specified in the Offer.  Any Shares proposed to be sold
after such ninety (90) day period, to a different


                                      2
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purchaser or at a lower price or otherwise on more favorable terms shall be
subject to the requirements of a prior offer to the Remaining Shareholder
pursuant to this Section 3.

       If the purchase price specified in the Offer includes any property
other than cash, such purchase price shall be deemed to be the amount of any
cash included in the purchase price plus the value (as determined in good faith
by the Corporation's regular investment banking firm) of such other property
included in such price.  If the Remaining Shareholder exercises its right of
first refusal hereunder, the closing of the purchase of the Shares with respect
to which such right has been exercised shall take place within thirty (30)
calendar days (or if approval of such purchase by the Corporation's
shareholders is required by law or pursuant to any stock exchange rule or
policy, within ninety (90) calendar days) after the Remaining Shareholder gives
notice of such exercise.  Upon exercise of its right of first refusal, the
Remaining Shareholder shall be legally obligated to consummate the purchase
contemplated thereby and shall use its best efforts to secure all approvals
required in connection therewith.

       4.      Right to Participate in Transfers.

               (a)  If at any time any Remaining Shareholder receives an
Offer pursuant to Section 3 hereof and does not elect to exercise the right of
first refusal granted in Section 3 with respect to such Offer, such Remaining
Shareholder may elect to Transfer a Pro Rata Share, as hereinafter defined, of
the securities described in such Offer.  As used in this Section 4, "Pro Rata
Share" means the product of the number of Shares in the Offer and a fraction
(i) the numerator of which is the number of Shares held by such Remaining
Shareholder, and (ii) the denominator of which is the sum of the number of
Shares held by all Remaining Shareholders who choose to exercise the rights
granted in this Section 4, plus the number of Shares held by the Holder making
the Offer.

               (b)  Each Remaining Shareholder wishing so to participate in
any Transfer under this Section 4 shall notify the Holder making the Offer in
writing of such intention as soon as practicable after such Remaining
Shareholder's receipt of the Offer pursuant to Section 3, and in any event
within thirty (30) days after the date of the Offer.  Such notification shall
be delivered or mailed to such Holder in accordance with Section 15 below.

               (c)  The Holder and each Remaining Shareholder participating
in the proposed Transfer pursuant to this Section 4 shall Transfer to the
proposed transferee (the "Proposed Transferee") (and any Remaining Shareholders
exercising rights of first refusal pursuant to Section 3 hereof) all, or, at
the option of the Proposed Transferee (or any such Remaining Shareholder) any
part of Shares in the Offer (the "Offered Shares") proposed to be Transferred
at not less than the price and upon other terms and conditions, if any, not
more favorable to the Proposed Transferee (or any such Remaining Shareholder)
than those in the Offer provided by the Holder under Section 3 hereof;
provided, however, that any purchase or other acquisition of less than all of
such Offered Shares by the Proposed Transferee (and any Remaining Shareholders
exercising rights of first refusal pursuant to Section 3 hereof) shall be made
from the Holder and each participating Remaining Shareholder pro rata based
upon the relative amount of the Offered





                                     3
   4

Shares that the Holder and such participating Remaining Shareholder is
otherwise entitled to Transfer pursuant to Section 4(a).

               (d)  The Remaining Shareholders' right to participate in a
Transfer pursuant to this Section 4 shall not apply with respect to Transfers
of Shares to the Corporation.

       5.      Right of First Refusal to Purchase New Securities.

               (a)  The Corporation shall, prior to any issuance by the
Corporation of any of its securities (other than debt securities with no equity
feature), offer to each Holder owning at least ten percent (10%) of the issued
and outstanding class "C" shares of the Corporation by written notice the
right, for a period of thirty (30) days, to purchase its Pro Rata Amount, as
hereinafter defined, of such securities for cash at a per share amount equal to
the per share price or other consideration for which such securities (the "New
Securities") are to be issued.  For purposes of this Section 5, "Pro Rata
Amount" means the product of the New Securities to be issued and a fraction (i)
the numerator of which is the number of Shares held by such Holder as of the
date of the New Securities Notice, as hereinafter defined, and (ii) the
denominator of which is the aggregate number of Shares held on such date by all
Holders of Shares.  The first refusal rights of the Holders pursuant to this
Section 5 shall not apply to securities issued (i) as a stock dividend or upon
any subdivision of Shares, provided that the securities issued are limited to
additional Shares, or (ii) pursuant to the exercise of options to purchase
shares of capital stock granted to employees of the Corporation, not to exceed
in the aggregate ten percent (10%) of capital shares outstanding (appropriately
adjusted in each case to reflect stock splits, stock dividends, share
exchanges, combinations of shares, and the like with respect to the Shares).
The Corporation's written notice to the Shareholders (the "New Securities
Notice") shall describe in reasonable detail the securities proposed to be
issued by the Corporation and specify the number, price, and the terms of
payment, and shall be deemed to be dated the date it is given to the
Shareholders in accordance with Section 16 hereof.

               (b)  Each Shareholder may accept the Corporation's offer as to
the full number of New Securities offered to it in the New Securities Notice or
as to any lesser number, by written notice thereof ("Notice of Acceptance")
given by it to the Corporation prior to the expiration of the aforesaid thirty
(30) day period.  A Shareholder who accepts such offer as to any portion of its
Pro Rata Amount of the New Securities shall be referred to herein as a
Participating Shareholder.  If any Participating Shareholder shall subscribe
for less than his Pro Rata Amount of the New Securities, the other
Participating Shareholders shall be entitled to purchase the balance of that
Participating Shareholder's Pro Rata Amount of the New Securities in the same
proportion in which they were entitled to purchase the New Securities pursuant
to Section 5(a).  Within five (5) days following the expiration of the
aforesaid thirty (30) day period, the Corporation shall notify each
Participating Shareholder of the amount of New Securities which each
Participating Shareholder may purchase pursuant to the foregoing provision and
each Participating Shareholder shall then have fifteen (15) days from the
receipt of such notice to indicate such additional amount of New Securities, if
any, that such Participating Shareholder wishes to purchase.  Promptly
thereafter, the Corporation shall sell and each Participating





                                     4
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Shareholder shall buy, upon the terms specified, the number of New Securities
agreed to be purchased by each Participating Shareholder.

               (c)  The Corporation shall be free at any time prior to one
hundred twenty (120) days after the date of its New Securities Notice to the
Shareholder, to offer and sell to any third party or parties the number of such
New Securities not agreed by the Shareholder to be purchased by them (the
"Refused Securities"), at a price and on payment terms no less favorable to the
Corporation than those specified in such New Securities Notice to the
Shareholders.  However, if such third party sale or sales are not consummated
within such one hundred twenty (120) day period, the Corporation shall not sell
such New Securities as shall not have been purchased within such period without
again complying with this Section 5.

               (d)  In the event the Corporation shall propose to sell less
than all the Refused Securities (any such sale to be in the manner and on the
terms specified in this Section 5), the Shareholders may, at their sole option
and in their sole discretion, reduce the number of, or other units of
calculation of the amount of, the New Securities specified in their respective
Notices of Acceptance to an amount which shall be not less than the product of:
(i) the ratio of the amount of New Securities in respect of which Notices of
Acceptance were delivered to the Corporation to the total amount of New
Securities specified in the New Securities Notice multiplied by (ii) the total
amount of New Securities proposed to be actually sold by the Corporation
(calculated without regard to this provision).  In the event that the
Shareholders so elect to reduce the number or amount of New Securities
specified in their respective Notices of Acceptance, the number or amount of
New Securities by which such New Securities specified in the Notices of
Acceptance are reduced shall not be sold or otherwise disposed of until they
have again been offered to the Purchasers in accordance with this Section 5.

       6.      Permitted Transfers.  Anything herein to the contrary
notwithstanding, the provisions of Sections 2,3,4 and 5 shall not apply to any
Transfer by a Shareholder to any Affiliate of such Shareholder.  In the event
of any such Transfer, the transferee of the Shares shall be bound by the terms
and conditions of this Agreement, and shall, as a condition of such transfer,
the transferee shall execute and deliver to the other Shareholder and the
Corporation a written agreement to that effect.

       7.      Call Option.

               (a)  In the case of an Event of Default (as described below)
by a Shareholder, the other Shareholder (the "Nondefaulting Shareholder") shall
be granted the option to purchase the Shares held by the other Shareholder at a
fair value price (the "Fair Price"), but in no case shall the Fair Price be
less than the book value of such interest, to be determined by the
Corporation's independent accountants (the "Accountant").  The costs of such
Accountant shall be paid by the Corporation.  Such option shall be exercisable
for a period of 15 days following the delivery of the valuation report by the
Accountant.





                                     5
   6

               (b)  If the Non-Defaulting Shareholder has not exercised its
option pursuant to Section 7(a), then the other Shareholder shall be granted
the same option which will thereafter be exercisable from the 16th day until
the 30th day after the delivery of the valuation report by the Accountant.

               (c)  If after the 30th day following the delivery of the
valuation report by the Accountant neither of the Shareholders has exercised
its option pursuant to Sections 7(a) and (b) hereof, then the Non-Defaulting
Shareholder shall have a new option to purchase the other Shareholder's
interest in the Corporation at a price equal to 90% of the Fair Price.  Such
option shall be exercisable for a period of seven days.

               (d)  If the Non-Defaulting Shareholder has not exercised its
option pursuant to Section 7(c), then the other Shareholder shall have the same
option which will thereafter be exercisable from the 38th day until the 45th
day after the delivery of the valuation report by the Accountant.

               (e)  The foregoing procedure shall be applied with successive
seven-day options granted to the Non- Defaulting Shareholder and the other
Shareholder at a price that shall be reduced by 10% of the Fair Price
determined by the Accountant at the expiration of each party's option to
purchase at the Fair Price, as so reduced, until any Shareholder decides to
exercise its option.

               (f)  For purposes of this Section 7, an Event of Default shall
include:

                        (i)     a material default by either Shareholder in
                                the observance or performance of any of the
                                terms of this Agreement which default remains
                                uncured for a period of sixty (60) days after
                                receipt of reasonable notice thereof by the
                                Defaulting Shareholder;

                        (ii)    a "change in control" of either Shareholder
                                resulting in control by any person or
                                corporation who is a competitor of the
                                Shareholders.  For purposes of this paragraph
                                "change in control" shall mean (a) the
                                acquisition of fifty-one percent (51%) or
                                more of the voting capital stock of such
                                Shareholder or (b) the ability to control the
                                Board of Directors of such Shareholder; or

                        (iii)   a Shareholder shall file a petition seeking
                                reorganization or relief under any applicable
                                bankruptcy law or consents to the filing of
                                any such petition or to the appointment of a
                                receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee,
                                sequestrator (or other similar official) for
                                it or a substantial part of its property.





                                     6
   7

       8.      Requirement of Prior Consent of the Treasurer.  Where the
intended transfer of any Shares of the Corporation by a party (whether a party
to this Agreement or a third party) under the provisions of this Agreement
requires the consent of the Treasurer of the Commonwealth of Australia ("The
Treasurer") then such transfer shall be subject to such consent and
notwithstanding anything else contained in this Agreement:

               (a)  any offer made to or by any such party to purchase or
acquire shares in the Corporation shall be deemed to be subject to that party
obtaining the consent of The Treasurer;

               (b)  any notice of election, acceptance or agreement by any
such party to purchase or acquire the Shares shall be subject to a condition
precedent to that party obtaining the consent of The Treasurer;

               (c)  any period of time set out in this Agreement, by which
any such party must purchase or pay for such Shares shall be deemed to be
extended until 5 days after the consent of The Treasurer has been obtained or
refused (or the acquisition prohibited);

               (d)  the provisions of this Agreement shall be read and
construed subject to the provisions of this Section.

       9.      Deadlock.

               (a)  In the event all of the Sodexho designees to the board of
directors of the Corporation (the "Board of Directors"), as a group, or all of
the CCA designees to the Board of Directors, as a group, fail to consent to any
material matter considered by the Board of Directors, the vote of any other
member of the Board of Directors who is not considered a CCA designee or a
Sodexho designee pursuant to Section 13 hereof shall not be counted in such
vote.  In the event (i) such disagreement between the Sodexho designees and the
CCA designees referred to in the preceding sentence remains unresolved for a
period of thirty (30) days after the date of such meeting; or (ii) two
successive meetings of the Board of Directors (each of which is called pursuant
to at least 14 days' prior notice to occur at a reasonable time and place)
either fail to occur or are not attended by a majority of the members of the
Board of Directors (each of the matters referred to in clauses (i) or (ii)
above being hereinafter referred to as a "Deadlock"), either Shareholder may
send to the other Shareholder a written notice identifying the Deadlock and
invoking the following procedures (the "Deadlock Notice").

               (b)  In any case of a Deadlock under Section 9(a), each of the
Shareholders shall within 10 days of a Deadlock Notice covering such Deadlock
cause its members of the Board of Directors to prepare and circulate to the
other Shareholders and the Board of Directors a memorandum setting out its
position on the matter in dispute and its reason for adopting such position and
each such memorandum shall be considered by each Shareholder who shall
respectively use their reasonable endeavors in good faith to resolve such
dispute.  Any resolution of the matter by the Shareholders pursuant to this
Section 9(b) shall be a final and binding determination of the matter.





                                     7
   8

               (c)  In the event (x) a Deadlock arises under Section
9(a)(ii), or if no resolution has occurred in accordance with the provisions of
Section 9(b) within 30 days after delivery of the memorandum mentioned therein;
and (y) if any such Deadlock shall prevent the Board of Directors from
continuing to achieve its business purposes or its ability to honor its
contractual commitments in any material respect, either of the Shareholders may
by notice in writing to the Corporation cause the interests of the Shareholders
in the Corporation to be transferred according to the procedure described in
Section 7 above.

               (d)  In no circumstances shall a Shareholder create an
"artificial Deadlock" in order to invoke the provisions of this Section 9.  For
the purposes of this provision an "artificial Deadlock" shall be a Deadlock
caused (other than in circumstances where the interests of the Shareholder
conflicts with the interests of the Corporation) by a Shareholder or its
appointees on the Board of Directors voting against a series of related issues
or proposals in any case where the passage or approval of the same is required
to enable the Corporation to carry on its business properly and efficiently.

               (e)  The provisions of this Article 9 shall also apply in the
event the Shareholders fail to agree to any material matter considered by the
Shareholders and (i) such disagreement remains unresolved for a period of
thirty (30) days after the date of such meeting; or (ii) two successive
meetings of the Shareholders (each of which is called pursuant to at least 14
days prior notice to occur at a reasonable time and place) either fail to occur
or are not attended by a majority of the Shareholders.

       10.     Non-Competition.

               (a)  The Shareholders agree that, except as otherwise provided
herein, they will conduct all of their business with respect to the Prison
Management Business in the countries of Australia, New Zealand and Papua, New
Guinea (the "Australian Zone") exclusively with each other.  For purposes of
this Section 10, Prison Management Business means the (i) design, construction,
financing and "full management" of detention or correctional facilities with or
without custodial services and/or (ii) the transportation of prisoners; it
being understood that Sodexho may continue to provide food service, laundry,
housekeeping, maintenance, etc. outside of the Corporation and that the
provisions of such services by Sodexho at a rate of less than $10.00 (U.S.) per
inmate per day (as such amount may be increased by the Board from time to time)
shall not constitute "full management" and shall not constitute the Prison
Management Business.  In order to give effect to this decision, the
Shareholders agree that unless unanimously approved by the Board of Directors
in writing or except as otherwise permitted pursuant to this Agreement:

                        (i)     neither Shareholders nor any of their
                                respective Affiliates will compete with the
                                Corporation in the Prison Management Business
                                in the Australian Zone.





                                     8
   9

                        (ii)    any third-party approach towards either
                                Shareholder in relation to a Project (as
                                defined herein) in the Australian Zone,
                                whether in its individual capacity or as a
                                Shareholder shall be immediately introduced
                                to the Corporation.  For purposes of this
                                Section 10, a Project means any opportunity
                                related to the Prison Management Business in
                                the Australian Zone such as requests (with
                                respect to a particular facility) for
                                proposals and bids to governmental agencies
                                and consulting agencies with respect to the
                                Prison Management Business.

                        (iii)   neither Shareholders nor any of their
                                respective Affiliates, shall alone or jointly
                                with others acquire any material interest
                                (more than 10%) in any company which is a
                                competitor of the Corporation in the Prison
                                Management Business in the Australian Zone
                                (other than competitors for which the
                                revenues related to the prison management
                                business constitute less than 10% of the
                                total revenues for such competitors).

               (b)  The Shareholders agree that in the event of a breach of
the provisions contained in Section 10(a) hereof, in addition to any other
remedies available to any Shareholder in breach of any such provision shall pay
to the other Shareholder an amount equal to one year's annual revenues
generated by the Prison Management Business which is the subject of such
breach.

               (c)  If any of the restrictions set forth in Section 10(a)
should for any reason be declared invalid by a court of competent jurisdiction,
the validity or enforcement of the remainder of such restrictions and covenants
shall not thereby be adversely affected.  If any provision of Section 10 shall
be adjudicated to be invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be deemed
deleted, but only to the operation of such provision in the particular
jurisdiction in which such adjudication was made; provided, that to the extent
any such provision may be made valid and enforceable, in such jurisdiction by
limitations on the scope of the activities, geographical area or time period
covered, such provision shall be deemed limited to the extent, and only to that
extent, necessary to make such provision enforceable to the fullest extent
permissible under the laws and public policies applied in such jurisdiction.

       11.     Confidentiality.

               (a)  The Shareholders agree at all times during the term of
this Agreement to hold in confidence and keep secret and inviolate all of the
Corporation's confidential and proprietary information, including, without
limitation, the Corporation's budgets, financial statements, development plans,
and the information related thereto, and all unpublished matters relating to
the business, property, trade secrets, proprietary rights, intellectual
property, accounts, books, records, customers, and contracts of the Corporation
which it may know or hereafter come to know; provided, however, that no such
information, whether deemed confidential by the





                                     9
   10

Corporation or not, shall be subject to the terms of this Section 11 if it is
part of the public domain, through no fault of the Shareholder.

               (b)      Each of the Shareholders covenant that the
information described in 11(a) will be kept confidential by such Shareholder,
the entities controlled by such Shareholder and the directors, employees, and
representatives of any of them, using the same standard of care in safeguarding
such information as such Shareholder employs in protecting its own proprietary
information which it desires not to disseminate or publish and that such
information shall only be used by the Shareholder in connection with the
business of the Corporation.

               (c)  No Shareholder shall at any time take, or cause to be
taken any action, and shall not make, or cause to be made, any omission, which
would be inconsistent with or impair in any way the rights of the Corporation
in the information described in Section 11(a) above.  The Shareholders
acknowledge and agree that any unauthorized disclosure or use of the
information described in Section 11(a) above would cause the Corporation
irreparable injury or loss.  Accordingly, each Shareholder acknowledges and
agrees that in the event of a breach, or threatened breach, by any of them of
any provisions of this Section 11, the Corporation shall be entitled to an
injunction restraining such Shareholder from the disclosure or unauthorized use
of any such information.

       12.     Specific Performance.

               The Shareholders and the Corporation expressly agree that the
Shareholders and the Corporation will be irreparably harmed and/or injured if
this Agreement is not specifically enforced.  Upon a breach or threatened
breach of the terms, covenants, and/or conditions of this Agreement by any of
the Shareholders or the Corporation, the other Shareholders and the Corporation
shall, in addition to all other remedies, each be entitled to a temporary or
permanent injunction, without showing any actual harm, injury, or damage to
such other Shareholders or the Corporation,  and/or a decree for specific
performance, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

       13.     Board of Directors.  The Shareholders acknowledge and agree
that each Shareholder shall be entitled to an equal number of nominees to the
Board of Directors, and the Corporation's General Manager, who is currently
Terry Lawson shall be a member of the Corporation's Board of Directors but
shall not be considered a nominee of either Shareholder.   Each Shareholder
agrees (i) that in all elections of directors during the term of this
Agreement, such Shareholder shall vote all Shares owned by it for the nominees
of the other Shareholders, and (ii) that any change in the number of directors
shall require the unanimous written consent of all Shareholders.

       14.  Amendment to Articles of Association, etc.  The Shareholders
acknowledge and agree that the affirmative vote of seventy-five percent (75%)
of the Holders of the Shares shall be required for (i) an amendment to the
Corporation's Articles of Association, (ii) the issuance by the Corporation of
any additional class "C" shares or other securities convertible into capital





                                     10
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shares of the Corporation, or (iii) any merger or combination of the
Corporation with or into any other entity.

       15.     Term.  Unless otherwise specified, this Agreement, and the
respective rights and obligations of the parties hereto, shall continue and be
effective for so long as the parties hereto are shareholders in the
Corporation; provided, however, that Section 13 hereof shall terminate on the
tenth anniversary of the date hereof, unless extended by the mutual agreement
of the parties hereto.

       16.     Notices.

               (a)  Any notices required or permitted to be sent hereunder
shall be mailed, certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or
delivered by overnight courier service, or by facsimile transmission in the
case of non-U.S. residents, to the following addresses, or such other addresses
as shall be given by notice delivered hereunder, and shall be deemed to have
been given three days after mailing, if mailed, or one business day.

               If to the Corporation, to:

                        Corrections Corporation of Australia Pty Ltd.
                        Level 4
                        39 Sherwood Road
                        Toowong, Queensland 4066
                        Australia
                        Attn:  Terry Lawson

               With a copy to:

                        Lees Marshall & Warnick, Solicitors
                        Level 3 Banking Annexe
                        Central Plaza One
                        345 Queen Street
                        Brisbane QLD 4000
                        Australia
                        Attn:  Malcolm Marshall, Esq.





                                     11
   12

               If to CCA, to:

                        Corrections Corporation of America
                        102 Woodmont Boulevard, Suite 800
                        Nashville, Tennessee  37205
                        Attn:  Doctor R. Crants

               With a copy to:

                        Elizabeth E. Moore, Esq.
                        Stokes & Bartholomew, P.A.
                        424 Church Street, Suite 2800
                        Nashville, Tennessee  37219

               If to Sodexho:

                        Sodexho S.A.
                        3, avenue Newton
                        78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux
                        FRANCE
                        Attn:  Jean-Pierre Cuny

               With a copy to:

                        Ropes & Gray
                        One International Place
                        Boston, MA  02110
                        Attn:  Jane Goldstein, Esq.

               (b)  Copies of any notices given, or required to be given to
or by, any Shareholder under this Agreement shall also be furnished to the
Corporation in accordance with the provisions of this Section 16.

       17.     Legend.

               Each certificate evidencing any of the Shares shall bear a
legend substantially as follows:

               THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO
               CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND MAY NOT BE SOLD,
               EXCHANGED, TRANSFERRED, ASSIGNED, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED, OR
               OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF, EXCEPT IN ACCORDANCE WITH AND SUBJECT
               TO ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THAT CERTAIN SHAREHOLDERS'
               AGREEMENT, DATED OCTOBER 17, 1995, AMONG





                                     12
   13

               THE CORPORATION AND ITS SHAREHOLDERS, A COPY OF WHICH THE
               CORPORATION WILL FURNISH TO THE HOLDER OF THIS CERTIFICATE
               WITHOUT CHARGE UPON REQUEST IN WRITING.

       18.     Entire Agreement and Amendments.

               This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties
with respect to the subject matter hereof and neither this Agreement nor any
provision hereof may be waived, modified, amended, or terminated except by a
written agreement signed by the parties hereto and in accordance with the terms
of the Articles of Association, as amended.

       19.     Acknowledgement of Holder.  The parties hereto acknowledge and
agree that the 22,500 Class "C" Shares held by CCA in accordance with the Stock
Purchase Agreement shall be regarded by both parties as being held by Sodexho.

       20.     Governing Law.

               This Agreement shall be governed by and be interpreted under
the laws of Queensland without regard to the conflicts of law principles
thereof.  Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive
jurisdiction of any state or federal court located in Queensland over any
action or proceeding to enforce any right under this Agreement.  The parties
further acknowledge that irrevocable damage would occur in the event that any
of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their
specific terms or were otherwise breached.  Accordingly, the parties shall be
entitled to an injunction to prevent breaches of the provisions of this
Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in any
court in Queensland.  This being in addition to any other remedy to which they
may be entitled at law or equity.

       21.     Successors and Assigns.

       This Agreement shall be binding upon the heirs, personal
representatives, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns of the
parties.

       22.     Waivers.

               No waiver of any breach or default hereunder shall be
considered valid unless in writing, and no such waiver shall be deemed a waiver
of any subsequent breach or default of the same or similar nature.

       23.     Severability.

               If any provision of this Agreement shall be held to be
illegal, invalid or unenforceable, such illegality, invalidity or
unenforceability shall attach only to such provision and shall not in any
manner affect or render illegal, invalid or unenforceable any other provision





                                     13
   14

of this Agreement, and this Agreement shall be carried out as if any such
illegal, invalid, or unenforceable provision were not contained herein.

       24.     Descriptive Headings.

               Descriptive headings are for convenience only and are not
deemed to be part of this Agreement.

       25.     Counterparts.

               This Agreement may be executed in two (2) or more
counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which
together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

     This Agreement was executed as of the date first set forth above.


                                            CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF    
                                            AUSTRALIA PTY. LTD.           
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                            By:                           
                                               ------------------------------
                                                                          
                                            Title:                        
                                                  ---------------------------
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                            CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF    
                                            AMERICA                       
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                            By:                           
                                               ------------------------------
                                                                          
                                            Title:                        
                                                  ---------------------------
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                            SODEXHO S.A.                  
                                                                          
                                                                          
                                            By:                           
                                               ------------------------------
                                                                          
                                            Title:                        
                                                  ---------------------------